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If literature has stressed the role of marginal gentrifiers in bringing resources to the areas where they move, apart for relevant exceptions, the potentialities and limits of their contribution to urban struggles has not been systematically addressed.

In the past decade, research has increasingly highlighted the importance of political parties in protest arenas, yet has focused mainly on their visible roles in mobilisation. Analysing Portugal’s anti-austerity protests (2010–2014), this paper proposes that we should also analyse how parties engage actively behind the scenes.

Extinction Rebellion (XR), founded in 2018, advocates for citizens’ assemblies (CAs) on the climate and ecological crisis. This demand underscores XR’s aim to enhance democracy “beyond politics” and promote inclusive, effective decision-making to achieve change.

The emergence of Extinction Rebellion (XR) in 2018 as a global movement led to the establishment of chapters all around the world. Much existing work has focused on cases located in the UK, Western Europe and the Anglosphere.

The rise of populist parties in Europe and the increasing salience of religion in political discourse are two relevant, sometimes discussed as interrelated, phenomena of recent decades. While most analysis focuses on right-wing populism, this does not exhaust all possible relationships.